新研究指出阻止新冠病毒傳播的方法

New Study Suggests Ways to Stop Coronavirus’ Spread
新研究指出阻止新冠病毒傳播的方法

英文新聞

A recent study of coronavirus infections1 in Italy found that around 40% of cases showed no signs of infection or symptoms. The finding suggests that asymptomatic cases are important in the spread of the virus.
The study was led by scientists at Italy’s Padova University and Imperial College London. The scientists looked at the Italian town of Vo’. The town has about 3,200 people. It was put under2 quarantine3 for fourteen days after having Italy’s first COVID-19 death on February 21st.
An early unedited version of the study was published in the scientific journal Nature on Monday. The scientists said they tested 85.9% and 71.5% of the population4 of Vo’ at two different times.
In the first part of study, which was done around the time the town’s quarantine started, researchers found 73 people were infected. That is about 2.6% of the population. In the second part of the study, which was done after the end of the quarantine, they found 29 people were infected. That is about 1.2% of the population.
In both parts of the study, about 40% of those who were infected did not have symptoms at the time of testing. They also did not develop symptoms afterwards. In other words, they were asymptomatic.
The study produced evidence5 that testing along with6 case isolation and community quarantines can stop local outbreaks7 quickly. “Because all of the coronavirus cases found were quarantined,” the researchers said, “the disease was not able to spread quickly.”

中文翻譯

最近一項關於義大利新冠病毒感染的研究發現:約有 40% 的案例沒有表現任何感染跡象或症狀,這項發現暗示無症狀案例對於病毒傳播的重要性。
該研究由義大利帕多瓦大學與倫敦帝國學院的科學家們引領,他們著眼於義大利的沃鎮,沃鎮有約 3,200 人,整座城鎮在 2 月 21 日發生全義大利第一起 COVID-19 死亡案例後,展開為期 14 天的隔離檢疫。
早些未修訂版本的研究在星期一被發行於 Nature 科學期刊內,科學家指出他們在兩個時段分別檢測了沃鎮 85.9% 和 71.5% 居民。
第一部分的研究大約在隔離檢疫前進行,研究者發現有 73 人受到感染,這大約佔了小鎮居民的 2.6%;研究的第二部分在隔離檢疫後進行,他們發現 29 人受到感染,約占了小鎮居民的 1.2%。
兩個部分的研究都顯示 40% 的感染者在受測階段並沒有產生症狀,且他們之後也沒有患上任何症狀,換句話說,他們就是無症狀。
這項研究提供了患者隔離與社區隔離檢疫可以迅速阻止疫情在當地爆發的證據。研究者說「因為所有被發現的染病案例都被隔離檢疫了,所以疫情便無法迅速散播。」

單字學習

英文單字詞性中文
infection (n.) 感染
symptom (n.) 症狀
suggest (v.) 間接表明
asymptomatic (adj.) 無症狀的
lead (v.) 引領
quarantine (n.) 隔離檢疫
unedited (adj.) 未修訂的
version (n.) 版本
journal (n.) 期刊
population (n.) 人口
develop (v.) 患上
afterwards (adv.) 後來
evidence (n.) 證據
isolation (n.) 隔離
community (n.) 社區
outbreak (n.) 爆發

片語及其他用語

英文中文
put under 使處於……
along with 伴隨著

重點解析

  1. infection 作為名詞使用時,有「感染」的意思,不管是喉嚨還是傷口,只要是被感染的部位都統一用 infection。而他的動詞 infect 是比較常見的,搭配用法就是「be affected with + 疾病」,例如今天有人患上新冠肺炎需要被隔離,就可以說:He is infected with COVID-19 and needs to be quarantined.
  2. put under 作為片語時,指的是「使處於…」,例如說今天上班老闆給你很大的壓力,你可以說 I was put under a lot of pressure by my boss.
  3. quarantine 是指防止疫病擴散採取的隔離,而 isolate 就是單純隔離,並沒有特殊限定,所以 isolate 的意思較 quarantine 籠統。疫情期間,如果出國完後回家自我隔離,用 self-quarantine 和 self-isolate 都可以。只是看到 quarantine 別人馬上能聯想到疫病,而 isolate 需要有上下文。
  4. population 這個字大家應該都知道是「人口」的意思,其他還有類似的字大家不要搞混意思喔:popular (adj.) 受歡迎的;popularity (n.) 受歡迎;populous (adj.) 人口稠密的。想跟大家強調要注意的地方就是,population 跟 popular 以及 popularity 都有 popul 都是有人的意思,但是有不一樣的意思喔!
  5. evidence 作為名詞使用時, 有「證據」的意思, 但很多人會把這個字跟 proof 搞混,雖然兩個都是指「證據」,但 evidence 只能當不可數名詞,並且可以當法律上起作用的物證或跡象,補充一下,如果你真的要強調有一個證據,要去數它的話,就可以說 a piece of evidence 喔!
  6. 另外我們看到一個片語 along with,這個片語有「伴隨著;與……」的意思,這個片語有一個很特別的文法考點,那就是 A, along with B, + V,這邊的動詞要取決於 A 這個主詞喔,舉例來說,My brother, along with his classmates, is going to Spain next week. 我哥哥跟他同學們下禮拜要去西班牙旅遊。
  7. outbreak 這個字是名詞,指「爆發」,另外這個字的動詞非常好記,就是 break out,有發現是名詞 out 跟 break 顛倒順序並且中間分開嗎?而 break out 除了有「爆發」的意思,也有「突然開始出現(紅疹、冒汗、痘痘)」的意思喔,舉個例子:I broke out in a rash after eating a lot of passion fruits. 在吃完很多百香果之後,我突然開始有紅疹。

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