新聞英文：鯊魚利用磁場旅行
新聞英文：鯊魚利用磁場旅行

Sharks Use Earth’s Magnetic Field to Travel
鯊魚利用磁場旅行

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英文新聞

Scientists have found that sharks use the Earth’s magnetic field as a sort of natural GPS. This permits them to swim across great distances in the world’s oceans.

Researchers held experiments with a small kind of shark in a sea laboratory. They confirmed the theory that sharks use magnetic fields to guide their travels. This behavior is seen in other sea animals as well. Their study was published this month in the journal Current Biology.  

Bryan Keller, an expert1 on sea life, is one of the researchers. He said the study explained how sharks can travel the seas and find their way back to feed and produce offspring.

Keller said, “We know that sharks can respond to magnetic fields.” But scientists did not know that they use magnetic fields to help direct them. He noted that “You have sharks that can travel 20,000 kilometers and end up2 in the same spot.”

Researchers have questioned how sharks perform long-distance traveling for years. Sharks make their trips in the open ocean where they pass few physical features such as corals that could serve as3landmarks.

Looking for answers, scientists based at Florida State University decided to study a small kind of shark called a bonnethead. The bonnethead shark they studied lives on both American coasts and returns to the same waters every year.

Researchers created magnetic conditions to make 20 bonnethead sharks think they were hundreds of kilometers away from where they were caught off Florida. The scientists found that the sharks began to swim north. This was due to the magnetic conditions that made them think they were south of where they should be.

中文翻譯

科學家發現鯊魚會利用地球的磁場做無一種自然的衛星定位系統。這讓牠們得以長距離游遍世界各大洋。

研究人員在海上實驗室中用一種小鯊魚展開實驗。他們證實了鯊魚使用磁場來導航這個理論。這種行為在其他海洋動物中也可以見到。他們的研究在本月的Current Biology期刊中發表了。

一名海洋生物專家Bryan Keller是這群研究人員之一。他說這個研究解釋了鯊魚如何在海洋中旅行並找到路回去餵食或繁衍後代。

Keller說：「我們知道鯊魚可以回應磁場」，但是科學家們不清楚牠們利用磁場來引導牠們。他注意到：「有鯊魚可以游20000公里然後再度回到同一個地點。」

研究人員對於鯊魚如何旅行如此大段距離多年有所疑問。鯊魚在開放海域中旅行，且經過少數實體可作為地標，像是珊瑚礁等等。

為了尋找答案，佛羅里達州立大學的科學家決定研究一種叫做窄頭雙髻鯊的小型鯊魚。他們研究的窄頭雙髻鯊居住在美國兩邊的海岸，且每年都會回到同一個水域。

研究人員製造出磁力環境讓20隻窄頭雙髻鯊以為牠們在被抓的佛羅里達幾百公里外的地方。科學家發現鯊魚開始往北游。這其實是因為磁場環境讓牠們以為牠們在他們該在位置的南邊。

單字學習

英文單字詞性中文
shark(n.)鯊魚
magnetic field(n.)磁場
experiment(n.)實驗
laboratory(n.)實驗室
expert(n.)專家
offspring(n.)後代
respond(v.)回應
spot(n.)點；地點
landmark(n.)地標
coast(n.)海岸; 沿岸地區

片語與其他用語

英文中文
GPS (n.) Global Positioning System全球衛星定位系統
end up最後處於……；以……告終
serve as作為；當作
due to因為；由於

重點解析

  • expert作名詞用的時候指的是專家，做形容詞則是「專家的；內行的」的意思，例如：expert opinions專業意見。另一個衍生出來的名詞expertise則指「專業技能；專長」。
  • end up這個片語意思是最後得到怎樣的結果，有兩個用法，一個是直接加Ving，另一個是加上with/in＋n.。例如：She ended up working for another company. 他最後為其他公司效勞了。或是He ended up in debt because he spent on whatever he wanted. 他最後債務纏身，因為他想買就買。
  • serve as 意思是作為；被用/當做……的意思，可以指某物品的作用，也可以說明某人充當什麼職位。例如：This experience could serve as a lesson for you. 這個經驗可以作為你的教訓。He serves as a manager in this startup. 在在這家新創公司當經理。

本文摘自：https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/scientists-sharks-use-earth-s-magnetic-field-to-travel/5894073.html

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