奧運拳擊性別爭議認識托福背景知識分子生物學單字

Due to gender controversy, the women’s boxing event at the Paris 2024 Olympics has received internal and external, as well as international, journalistic coverage. For example, the International Boxing Association (IBA) accused Chinese Taipei’s Lin Yu-Ting and Algerian boxer Khalif of “abnormal gender testing,” but the IBA has yet to present any valid evidence to back up the allegations, and the IOC has also stated that Lin’s and Khalif’s eligibility to compete is not in question.
2024巴黎奧運的女子拳擊賽事，因性別爭議風波引發場內外和國際新聞熱議，例如中華隊的林郁婷、阿爾及利亞拳擊手哈利夫，被國際拳擊總會（IBA）指控「性別檢測異常」，但 IBA 始終沒有針對指控提出有效證據，國際奧會（IOC）也表示林郁婷和哈利夫的參賽資格完全沒問題。

Nonetheless, the gender dispute has sparked widespread outrage, with many sportsmen using social media to query Lin Yu-Ting’s gender in posts before or after their defeat, and the Internet is littered with hateful comments. Former Irish boxing champion Barry McGuigan and Harry Potter author JK Rowling have both released pieces disputing Lin and Khalif’s eligibility. Lin and Khalif were incorrectly identified as transgender because the IBA failed to explain why their test findings were so unique.
然而，性別爭議問題還是引起軒然大波，許多選手在賽前或戰敗後，使用社群媒體發文質疑林郁婷的性別，網路上也充斥許多惡意的言論。愛爾蘭前拳王麥格根和《哈利波特》的作者JK羅琳就多次發文質疑林郁婷和哈利夫的參賽資格。由於IBA並未說明兩人的檢測結果何處異常，因此林郁婷和哈利夫被誤認為跨性別。

In the 1950s, female athletes were forced to strip naked so that medical personnel could inspect their reproductive organs for gender testing. Chromosomal testing became more popular in the 1970s, but it was eventually phased out since the XY chromosomal test was unreliable, as some people with Y chromosomes retained feminine sexual characteristics. Nowadays, testosterone concentration is the most widely accepted method of gender testing in international contests. However, some experts have pointed out that women who are born with a high testosterone level should not use this level as a criterion to determine whether they are male or female.
在1950年代，為了進行性別檢測，女性運動員必須脫光讓醫療人員檢查她們的生殖器官。到1970年代，染色體檢測技術逐漸應用，但XY染色體的檢測並非完全可靠，因為有些人雖然有Y染色體，仍有女性的性徵，因此染色體檢測也逐漸被廢除。現在國際賽事普遍認可的性別檢測方式是檢驗睪固酮濃度。然而，也有專家指出，有天生睪固酮高的女性，不宜以此高低作為判定男女性的標準。

英文單字片語