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聽力測驗
都市發展
- 關注美國城市的發展與規劃,以華盛頓特區為例,提到了通過設立綠地帶以降低犯罪率。同時,文中也提及儘管面對反對意見,政府試圖在其他城市複製類似的計劃。
藝術
- 講述了莎士比亞的四開本和第一對開本。莎士比亞的劇作大部分以四開本的形式出版,呈現了獨特的印刷風格,然而這種形式相對於本·強生(Ben Johnson)的作品以第一對開本形式出版,在當時並不被看重且為非正式。莎士比亞的第一對開本完整作品是由他的親密朋友精心編輯,形成了重要的里程碑。第一對開本的出版是對莎士比亞價值和地位的高度肯定,目前只有約200份存世。
生理與心理學
- 深入探討人類記憶的兩個系統:語義記憶和場景記憶。語義記憶主要基於信息和事實,有些類似於在學校習得的文本知識。動物也擁有語義記憶,因為它們能夠學習和記住在野外學到的指示和信息。以前覺得場景記憶是人類專有的,讓人類能夠在特定的時間和空間中重新體驗特定的記憶片段。但科學家現在相信動物也擁有場景記憶,例如,灰頸鴞能夠挖掘幾天前埋藏的食物。
閱讀測驗
生物學
- 探討了動物形成大規模群體的現象,這種集體行為旨在產生令其他生物害怕的效應並提供保護。為了更好地適應環境,以帝企鵝為例,它們會聚在一起取暖,而體型較大的帝企鵝則站在外圍,保護較小的帝企鵝。同樣,典型的例子是八哥鳥聚集在一起以對抗老鷹並分散捕食者的注意力。
歷史學
- 古希臘古風時期約公元前1000年左右,隨著其他文化興起,古希臘勢力衰退。新的貿易形式以銀器和陶器換取食物,導致軍事衝突。為控制貿易,希臘啟動艦隊建設。當時也逐漸出現新貨幣和書寫語言,並在藝術中融合東方的風格,對經濟、軍事和文化產生深遠影響。
人類學
- 中國的絲綢和緞與希臘羅馬的存在明顯區別。古羅馬人使用野生蛾或蠶來製造絲綢,但有個問題,就是蛾會在蠶繭上咬洞,使得從中提取的絲線容易受損,製成的衣物易於磨損。這些蠶吃許多不同種類的葉子,導致絲線品質較差且難以染色。與此相反,中國的絲綢和緞製作更為精細,以及染色更容易,呈現出更高的品質。
口說測驗
【Task 1】
Some people think in order to be successful, one has to make enemies. Do you agree or disagree, and explain why?
有些人認為要想成功就必須樹敵,你是否同意並說明原因。
Do you think that parents should read their children’s emails or text messages without their permission? Explain why.
你認為父母應在未經允許的情況下閱讀子女的電子郵件或簡訊嗎?請解釋原因。
【Task 2-1】
閱讀
圖書館專門為研究生設立私人區域,不僅提供獨立的學習桌椅,還有置物櫃供他們存放物品。
聽力
講者極度支持此項政策,因為研究生課業繁重不能受干擾,需更多空間專注研究跟學習。此外,他們還需要從圖書館獲得大量的參考資料,有置物櫃能省去很多麻煩。
【Task 2-2】
閱讀
學校計畫將藝術博物館從博物館搬到市中心,因為空間太小;此外,博物館搬遷後能吸引更多校外遊客。
聽力
講者表示贊同,因為新場地更大,可容納更多藝術作品,還可以為學校帶來更多門票收入,而這些錢可以用來購買監控攝影機等新設備。
【Task 3】
閱讀
引入了「促進者」的概念。表示新物種到一個遭到破壞的棲息地可能有助於此地更適合其他生物生存。
聽力
發言人以褐藻為例,當海底石頭遭風暴掀翻時,表面非常濕滑不適合生物棲息。一旦褐藻附著在石頭上,會使海底變得不那麼滑,從而幫助其他生物在海底棲息。
【Task 4】
講解廣告的目的,可分為主要目的跟物要目的。主要目的為關注產品的品質,當高品質對顧客有磁力般的吸引力,其他公司也開始效仿該產品後,廣告的次要目的就開始發揮作用:說服更多潛在客戶。為了說明廣告的主要和次要目的,演講以手機為例。廣告首先聚焦於便攜性和發送信息的便利性;當其他公司效仿時,該公司推出其他廣告,強調產品更小巧和品牌更佳。
寫作測驗
學術討論
In your view, do you believe television holds greater importance, or do books exert a stronger impact on individuals in today’s society?
您認為在當今社會,是電視更重要,還是書籍對個人的影響更大?
As we discuss the importance of individual contributions to the environment, what additional steps (beyond waste management) do you believe individuals can take to significantly impact the environment positively?
在我們討論個人對環境做出貢獻的重要性時,您認為還可以採取哪些措施(除廢物管理外)來對環境產生重大的積極影響?
As we have been discussing in class, deciding where to donate money is an important consideration when supporting charitable causes. Some prefer local charities where the impact may be more visible, while others favor international ones tackling issues on a broader scale?
正如我們在課堂上所討論的,在支持慈善事業時,決定向哪裏捐款是一個重要的考慮因素。有些人喜歡當地的慈善機構,因為他們的影響可能更明顯;而有些人則喜歡國際性的慈善機構,因為他們能解決更廣泛的問題。
I would like you to consider: which do you believe should make more efforts when it comes to environmental protection – factories or individuals?
我想請你們思考一下:在環境保護方面,你們認為工廠和個人哪個應該付出更多的努力?
整合寫作
題目:柏樹膝蓋是否有益。
閱讀
閱讀提出三個原因:
- 讓樹木吸收更多氧氣。
- 幫助穩定柏樹。
- 柏樹的樹膝有利於柏樹本身清除甲烷。
聽力
聽力提出三點反駁:
- 多項研究表示,並無助於吸收氧氣。
- 只有當樹膝垂直生長以穩定樹根時,才能起到支撐樹木的作用;然而,大多數柏樹的樹膝都是與樹根水平纏繞在一起的,因此在這方面沒有什麼幫助。
- 甲烷實際上對柏樹的傷害很小,因此吸收甲烷實際上對柏樹沒有任何好處。此外,柏樹根部的微生物也可以完成這項工作。
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